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: ѡ ɻ ɡ ڻ.
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( Definitive host and Reservoir host ).
, ɡ :
1- .
2- . .
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(Entamoeba histolytic ( ) ( ) (Entamoeba gingivalis ): () ((Trypanosoma spp: (Leishmania spp ) ( ) (Balantidium coli) (oriental liver flukeor Opisthorchis sinensis) (Fasciolopsis buski ) Schistosoma spp .
ʡ ڡ : ѡ ɡ
ɡ ڻ ɻ . ӻ ǡ / ( 538 ): . ѡ ȡ { } ͡ / ( 538 ){ } . { }: ǡ ǡ / ( 538 ){ } .
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{ } . { } . / ( 538 ) { } { } ǡ ɡ ֡ ʡ ǡ / ( 538 ){ } : ֡ { } . : : : . : .
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. Definitive host (Habitat ).
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. ( 436 ) : . ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) .
. . ( Parasitology ) . ( ) . . . ɡ (Parasite) ϡ ((Host . ɡ ǡ ѡ . : ( Parasite ) ((Host ((Reservoir host. :
( 1 ) Entamoeba histolytica ѡ 15 20 . ( ) ( )
( 2 ) (Entamoeba gingivalis ): ѡ 10 20 .
( 3 ) ((Trypanosoma spp: ѡ 15- 20 ( ) . ( ) .
( 4 ) (Leishmania spp ) : 2 5 1 2 ( ) ( ) . ( ) .
( 5 ) (Balantidium coli): 30 300 20 120 ( ) ( ).
( 6 ) (Opisthorchis sinensis or oriental liver fluke): 10 25 2-4 ( ) ( ) .
( 7 ) (Fasciolopsis buski ) : ( ) ( ) . 2 7.5 0.8 2 .
( 8 ) (( Schistosoma spp: ( ) ( ) . .

ѡ (1990): . . .
- Smyth, J.D.(1996):Animal Parasitology. Cambridge Uinversity Press.London.
Medical Parasitology by Vogue, M.
- Foundation of Parasitology by Schmidt
- Essentials of Parasitology by Smith
- Text Book of Invertebrates by Barnes
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