.
(: Penicillin G) (: Benzylpenicillin) Penicillium notatum (: Betalactams). . ( ) (: penicillinase) () (: Betalactamase).



: R-C9H11N2O4S R () (: Phenoxymethyl) (: Penicillin V).



(: bacteriostatic) bactericidal . (: bactericidal) ǡ (: bacterial cell wall) (: Glycopeptide) ( ) ѡ (: Terminal D-Alanine) ( ) Transpeptidase. ( - ) D-Alanyl-D-Alanin ( ) . cross-linkages ( ) . . ɡ Cell Lysis .
( ) Mycoplasma ǡ .
ҡ ( ) Penicillin-binding-proteins . : Autolysin ( ).
.
Gram (: Mucopeptide) (: Muramin). (: Murein) Phospholipid ( " "). . - - Brucella Chlamydia (: Rickettsia) - -.


β-Lactam (: β-Lactamase) ( Penicillinase). β-Lactamase-inhibitors ɡ : (: Clavulanic acid) (: Sulbactam) (: Sultamicillin).
(: Penicillin V) ̡ .
- (: Isoxazolyl-Penicillin) ( (: Oxacillin) (: Flucloxacillin) (: Aminopenicillin) ( (: Ampicillin)) - Acyl-Aminopenicillin ( (: Piperacillin)).


1928 . . 1945 - - ().


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( ) .


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