..


ӡ
.
.
.


.


.

.

:

1- 1 100 Direct Statement Scale .

2- ( ) Numerical Scales Proportional Scale Fractional Scale 1 : 100000 .

3- Graphical Scale . :

)
)
)

.
.

:

) :

Simple Liner Scale
Graphic or Rode Scale
( ) ( ) .



( ) .
:
100000:1 .
1 1000
1 1
1 1 .
1 2 3 4 ......
:

=

200
= 1000 200 = 5



) Diagonal Scale:
0,001 .

:
1- .
2- :
=
3- 3 .
4- .
5- .
6- .


50

:
3.65
500 150 3.65



3.65 50

) Time Scale
.
.
GPS .




:
1- .
2- .
2 5 .

.
50 70 9 6 :
) 2
46 66 .
) =
66 ( 9 100000 ) = 1 : 13636
) =
46 ( 6 100000 ) = 1 : 13043
) 1 : 13636 1 : 15000

=
( 9 100000 1 ) 15000 = 60
=
( 6 100000 1 ) 15000 = 40
.



:

=

.


10 .






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