:D:D












:D:D

:confused::confused::confused:







:D




..

.


.

(12) (4000) (18) .

::

. .

:::

( ) .

.


.

:::

( ) 1781




Govanni Verrazan 1524 Henry Hudson 1609 Samuel de Champlain .
1624 Fort Orange Albany .
Peter Minuit Manhattan Island New Amsterdam 1664 11 . 1777. De Witt Clinton Erie Canal Buffalo Albany 1825.
.



2004 19,2 ɡ 68% 15% 6% 0,5% 14% 3% 7% 29%.




.. !!

!

,,



22 3 ,,



(New York City) . . (New York State) . .
: .



. ɡ ɡ . . 1940 .
17,000 ӡ ѡ ɡ . ѡ 200,000 . ʡ 495,000 .
. ɡ ѡ 60 .
. . .


. " . 1200 ɡ







(1931 ) ( ) .










.. !!

15 4000 8 !





1950












MACYS



central park

1878 .. !!