+
1 4 123 ...
1 10 33

:

  1. 04-15-2009, 09:02 PM #1
    Status
    Offline
    40%
    Nov 2008
    egypt
    37
    144
    5845
    Yahoo


    ..
    - ( )
    - ( ) .
    -
    - .
    - .
    - .
    - ( ... )



    ...

    charts
    1800
    ..
    Mercator projection
    central projection

    (Lat & long)
    4000 charts ( )
    ... 1 : 10.000.000
    ... 1 : 1.000.000
    ... 1 : 50.000
    ... 1 : 5000

    .

    ...
    ..
    " ".


    International Hydrographic Organization .

    " "
    .. .

    1984 W.G.S 84
    ..
    /


    Long Lat
    Lat ..
    Long ..

    ( )
    6 ( AA - AB AC AD .. )
    ( ..)
    ( .. )


    ..

    ( ) .

    .

    Decca System ...
    1942

    ...

    70 130 phase difference
    .. .
    GPS .

    Loran - C System ...
    " " .
    1400 .
    Loran C

    Echo Sounder
    . .
    ...
    D = 1/2 TV
    D
    T
    1500 / V
    ( ) .

    ...
    - Recorder/Indicator
    - Oscillators
    - Transducers
    - Amplifier

    .
    .
    ...
    echo .


    ... False echoes
    .
    ...
    - false echo caused by fish

    - water layers
    ...
    -
    ..
    - weeds
    100 .. .
    - ..
    .


    Side Scan Sonar
    side scan sonar ..
    .. / /

    .. towed fish
    1

    tow cable
    300 .

    Control unite
    .


    . ( ) ( )


    .



    ( ) ( ) .

    Meridians 1 180 1 180 .
    Parallels 1 90 1 90 90 .
    Geographic Coordinates



    Latitude

    Longitude

    ..
    .. ..
    .. 23.27



    ..

    15 50 ..

    = 50 - 15 = 35
    3560 = 2100
    =
    2100 = 1200 1.8532=3891.72

    .. 15 30 ..
    .. = 15 + 30 = 45 60 = 2700
    = 2700 1.8532=5003.1 .



    .
    40 90 ...
    = 90 40 = 50 60 = 3000
    = 3000 1.853 ( ) = 5559.6 .
    40 40 90 ..
    = 90 - 40 = 5060=3000'
    = 3000
    = 30001.853 40
    = 4258.44
    .. 80 20 40 ..
    .. = 20+40=6060 = 3600'
    = 3600 1.85380
    = 1158.52



    ... ( 35 25 ) ( 80 95 )

    ..
    =
    + .
    = 95 25 = 70
    = 35 80 + 35 80 70
    = 0.6135
    52.156
    = 52.156 60 1.853 = 5798.7
    ..
    ( 40 30 ) ( 40 )
    ..
    = 30 + 40 = 70
    = 40 + 40 70
    = 40 70
    = 0.26200
    74.81
    = 74.81 60 1.853 + 5798.7

    -
    ..
    40 80
    = 2 2 ( O1 O2 )
    = 23.1463716371 ( 80 40 )
    = 87.226 2

    10 35 .

    = 23.1463716371(10+35)
    = 190.566 2

    40

    = 2 2 O
    = 23.1463716371 ( 40 )
    = 163.93 2

    ...
    50 20
    = 50 + 70 = 70
    = 4 2
    = 4 3.14 63716371 = 510.064 2
    360
    70
    = 510.064 360
    = 70510.064 360 = 99.179 2



    .. . .. ( ) . .
    .
    .
    ..
    .. //
    ...Zenithal Projection
    .. ..
    . .


    .


    .


    .




    - .
    .






    .. .

    ...Conical Projection
    .. . ..

    .. Simple conic projection ( )

    The Polyconic projection

    ...

    -
    -
    -


    Bonne's conical Projection

    .



    ...Cylindrical Projection
    .

    ..
    -
    -
    - ( )
    -
    -
    -
    The Equatorial Mercator Projection


    .

    ( ) .

    Transverse Mercator Projection


    Transverse Mercator



    ...
    ( ) .

    ...



    The Equatorial Mercator Projection .
    .
    .


    .
    31 .
    .
    ..

    1. .. 25 29 27 .
    2. .. 29 33 31 .
    3. .. 33 36 35 .

    Global Positioning System
    G.P.S
    - 1978 24 Man-Made Stars

    . Surveyors GPS .

    ...
    GPS Satellites
    GPS Ground Control Segment
    Receiver
    1 GPS Satellites
    ...
    - 845
    - 7
    - 12
    - 7.25
    - 20200

    2 GPS Ground control segment


    3- Receiver
    .


    GPS
    ( ) Triangulation
    r
    p
    R
    R r / p .


    ..
    .. 11 ( ) 11 ..

    12 ..

    13 ( ) ..

    ( ) .


    .
    ( ) GPS Radio Single Signal ( 186.000 / ) 186 .
    = 186.000
    Nanosecond 0.000.000.001

    Deferential system
    Reference Mobil
    .. Reference Mobil
    Mohamed Hashem ; 06-02-2009 05:41 PM :
  2. 04-15-2009, 09:33 PM #2
    Status
    Offline
    Mohamed Saad Yassin
    Mohamed Saad Yassin
    80%
    Sep 2008
    Alexandria, Egypt
    699
    6411
















    ..


  3. 04-15-2009, 09:50 PM #3
    Status
    Offline
    Wild_Angel
    Wild_Angel
    Sep 2008
    ALEX SKY &SEA
    3,910
    9687















  4. 04-15-2009, 10:49 PM #4
    Status
    Offline
    esraa
    esraa
    80%
    Sep 2008
    alex
    1,530
    7249

    .......



    ......




    .....
    .., ..



    **
  5. 04-17-2009, 01:07 AM #5
    Status
    Offline
    Apr 2009
    32
    3,591
    9241



    .
    .
    ...
    .
    .
    !
    ~

    .
    .
    .
    .
    :
    ~
    ...
  6. 04-17-2009, 01:56 AM #6
    Status
    Offline
    surveyor0000
    surveyor0000
    30%
    Dec 2008
    Alexandria
    127
    5769

    ...

  7. 04-17-2009, 10:40 PM #7
    Status
    Offline
    40%
    Nov 2008
    egypt
    37
    144
    5845
    Yahoo
    esraa
    .......



    ......




    .....


  8. 04-17-2009, 10:43 PM #8
    Status
    Offline
    40%
    Nov 2008
    egypt
    37
    144
    5845
    Yahoo
    surveyor0000
    ...



  9. 04-17-2009, 10:48 PM #9
    Status
    Offline
    40%
    Nov 2008
    egypt
    37
    144
    5845
    Yahoo





  10. 04-18-2009, 07:23 PM #10
    Status
    Offline
    Apr 2009
    32
    3,591
    9241






    .
    .
    ...
    .
    .
    !
    ~

    .
    .
    .
    .
    :
    ~
    ...
« | set510/set610 »