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  1. #1
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    :
    . . .


    ). ( Robinson & Others 1984 p277-366

    ( " " ) . . " " " " .

    " " .


    " " . . .







  2. #2
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    :
    . . . ( Dent, 1993 p 12-21 ) .

    . " .


    20% 40% 100 % .






  3. #3
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    . .

    " " : . . . . .

    . .

    . .






  4. #4
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      Heba Bebo
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    :
    1) .
    2) . :


    :
    . :

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    :

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    . . ( ) 15 " " ( 1 ) .






  5. #5
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    (1) .


    2) :
    . . .
    ( 2 ) .





    (2) .

    ( 2003 10-21 ) .


    .


    3) .
    . . ( 3 ) ( 1978 191-192 ) ( 1995 127-136 ) .


    . .





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    .

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    . . ( 7 ) ( Dent 1993 p 228-233) .


    .




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    . . (Dent 1993 Muehrcke 1980 1995 )

    7) .

    ( 1995 65-70 ) ( 9 ) .





    ( 9 ) .


    . . .

    :
    . . . . . .

    :
    . Digital Mapping ( Jones 1998 p 4-5 ) .


    ( Booth and Mitchell 2001 p 5-8 ).


    Overlay Proximity ( Fischer, and others 1996 p 129-136 ). .


    .

    .
    . 5000 5 . ( ) .


    . . .


    10 100 . . . ( Jones 1998 p 4 ).


    . . . . . .

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    GPS . . . ((Zeiler 1999p 72-73 185.


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    .


    . . .








    Booth, B. and Mitchell, A. 2001 Getting Started with ArcGis. ESRI. U.S.A.

    Cuff, D.J. & Mattson, M.T. 1982 Thematic Maps . Methuen, New York.

    Dent, B.D. 1993 Cartography: Thematic Map Design Third Edition WCB Publisher. England

    Dickinson, G.C. 1987 Statistical Mapping. Edward Arnold Ltd. London

    Fisher,M. Scholten, H.J. and Unwin D. 1996 Spatial Analytical perspectives on GIS. Taylor & Francis Ltd. Britain. P 129-138.

    Jones B. Ch. 1998 Geographical Information Systems and Computer Cartography. Longman. Singapore.


    Muehrcke, Ph. C. 1980 Map Use Reading, analysis and Interpretation. JP Publications, Madison, WI .

    Robinson, A. Sale, R. Morrison, J. and Muehrcke 1985 Elements of Cartography Fifth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York .

    Zeiler, M. 1999 Modeling Our World. The ESRI Guide to Geodatabase design. ESRI press U.S.A.




    .

    1978 " " "


    1998 . .


    2003 " : " : 272 .


    1995 " " : " .











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