+
13 20 ... 31112131415 ...
121 130 195
  1. #121
    Status
    Offline

    10%
    Sep 2009
    39
    3
    0

    [

  2. #122
    Status
    Offline

    10%
    Sep 2009
    39
    3
    0

    :

  3. #123
    Status
    Offline
      Ahmed Salah
    20%
    Oct 2009
    78
    0


  4. #124
    Status
    Offline
      Mohamed Hashem
    80%
    Apr 2009
    ALex, EGYPT
    1,576
    7072

    -5 -







    IMCA

    http://www.2shared.com/file/8738527/2d8f260d/IMCAS005.html
    -



    Expectations from Offshore Survey Contractors

    Surveyors to be employed in the offshore sector study a wide variety of courses, some with a hydrographic theme, although others may study subjects with a greater emphasis on land survey techniques. Each type of survey course will bring relevant benefits to the industry. It is expected that any survey course will impress on its students the importance of online quality control and the importance of ongoing checks and re-computations throughout the course of any survey.
    Students would be expected to have a good understanding of the following:


    Health, Safety and Environment

    Students should have familiarized themselves with:
    -offshore survival training;
    -permit to work systems;
    -risk assessment;
    -personal protective equipment;
    -the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships




    Geodesy
    Students are expected to have a good understanding of geodesy and map co-
    ordinate systems and other matters related to position on the earths surface.

    Specific areas include:
    -co-ordinate systems;
    -map projections;
    -spheroids;
    -horizontal datums;
    -vertical datums (land and marine).



    Hydrography
    Students are expected to have a good understanding of hydrographic surveys.
    Specific areas include:

    -Bathymetry data acquisition, processing and presentation (single beam and multi-beam echo sounders), digital terrain models (DTMs) and target resolution;
    -water column parameters and their effects on echo sounding;
    -tidal data and cycles;
    -impact of timing errors and sensor offsets on data accuracy (particularly multi-beam echo-sounders);
    -calibrations (inc multi-beam echo-sounders and motion sensors);
    -accuracy of final products (cumulative effect of errors);
    -tidal reduction;
    -tidal prediction, tidal roses;
    -tidal streams;
    -co-tidal information and application (source and derivation);
    -accuracy of bathymetric systems;
    -bathymetric error budgets and appreciation of different survey categories within IHO SP44 4th Edition and IMCA S 003 Rev. 1 Guidelines for the use of multibeam echosounders for offshore surveys.


    IMCA S 005 Rev. 1 3



    Oceanography
    Students are expected to have a good understanding of basic oceanography and marine environments.
    :
    Specific areas include:
    -tidal streams and currents;
    -water column parameters;
    -sea water properties;
    -turbidity;
    -deep water measurements;
    -underwater acoustic positioning, thermo clines and their effects on bathymetric measurements;
    general observations.



    Geology and Geophysics
    Students are expected to have a basic understanding of geology and how seabed and sub-seabed features are interpreted from geophysical systems:



    -single and multibeam echo sounder interpretation;
    -side scan sonar and sub bottom profiler interpretation;
    -digital sonar processing and seabed imagery;
    -magnetometers and interpretation of results;
    -geotechnical sampling/soil testing techniques and interpretation of results.



    Mathematics
    Students are expected to have a good understanding of the basic mathematical concepts used in surveying and be able to use them.
    Specific areas include:

    -basic geometry and algebra;
    -plane and spherical trigonometry;
    -basic calculus;
    -co-ordinate systems;
    -statistics and statistical analysis;
    -theory of errors and error budgets;
    -theory of precision and accuracy;
    -data distribution plots/curves.



    Survey Computations
    Students are expected to have a good understanding of basic and intermediate survey computations
    Specific areas include:
    -use of chart dividers and scale rulers;
    -calculation of nautical miles from latitude and longitude;
    -land survey computations (resection, triangulation, trilateration, joints, polar);
    -spherical trigonometry;
    -co-ordinate transformations (geographical, projection, cartesian);
    -computation of sail lines (Great Circle and Rhumb);
    -computations on the grid (arc to chord, convergence, scale factor etc.);
    -statistical analysis (least squares, matrices, variance etc.).


    4 IMCA S 005 Rev. 1



    Surface Positioning Systems
    Students are expected to have a good understanding of surface positioning systems and how they are used in modern marine survey. Particular attention should be paid to satellite positioning systems
    Specific areas include:

    -signal transmission;
    -geodetic considerations;
    -radio positioning systems theory;
    -satellite positioning systems theory;
    -global positioning systems;
    -differential GPS;
    -motion sensors including GPS based motion sensors;
    -the theory of gyro compasses and their calibration;
    -effect of latitude on heading sensors (true and magnetic north);
    -effect of offsets and vessel pitch/roll in surface positioning;
    -real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS;
    -accuracy expectations for and practical considerations in using surface positioning systems.



    Acoustics
    Students are expected to have a good understanding of acoustics and how they are used in modern marine survey.
    Specific areas include:
    -sound propagation in water;
    -sonar theory;
    -sound velocity determination, ultra-short baseline (USBL) and long baseline (LBL), vehicle tracking;
    -acoustic positioning techniques including calibration, USBL and LBL, vehicle tracking;
    -single and multibeam echo sounder operation;
    -side scan sonar and sub bottom profiler, pipe/cable trackers;
    -CHIRP technology and applications;
    -digital sonar processing techniques and seabed imagery;
    -importance of relative and absolute accuracy in subsea work.


    Marine Survey Industry
    Students are expected to have a good understanding of the offshore and marine survey industry and the role of the surveyor within it. Students should have a theoretical knowledge of the range of survey activities undertaken and the basic equipment necessary for undertaking these activities.
    Specific areas include:

    -oil and gas industry;
    -telecommunications industry;
    -nautical/navigational charting;
    -marine survey and exploration;
    -seismic industry and techniques;
    -offshore vessel types;
    -remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs);
    -dredgers and rock dumpers;


    IMCA S 005 Rev. 1 5
    -ability to read and use a nautical chart;
    -coastal zone management;
    -offshore renewable energy industry (wind, waves, currents);
    -organizations for further professional development IMCA, Hydrographic Society, RICS, ICES.


    Land and Engineering Survey
    Students are expected to have a good understanding of land and engineering survey techniques.
    Specific areas include:

    -basic land survey techniques (e.g. traversing, levelling, detail survey);
    -basic engineering survey techniques (e.g. setting out, dimensional control);
    -computations associated with these techniques;
    -equipment requirements for these techniques, including checks and calibration;
    -azimuth determination;
    -astronomical observations e.g. sun observation to complete a gyro calibration;
    -use of total station, tripods and other survey hardware.


    Mohamed Hashem ; 10-30-2009 02:03 PM

  5. #125
    Status
    Offline
      ALY ELSAYED
    May 2009
    ALEXANDRIA
    37
    3,086
    8559











    [̲̅I̲̅].....[̲̅♥̲̅].....[̲̅E̲̅][̲̅G̲̅][̲̅Y̲̅][̲̅P̲̅][̲̅T̲̅]
    --



  6. #126
    Status
    Offline
      Mohamed Hashem
    80%
    Apr 2009
    ALex, EGYPT
    1,576
    7072



    Mohamed Hashem ; 10-30-2009 02:05 PM

  7. #127
    Status
    Offline
      Mohamed Hashem
    80%
    Apr 2009
    ALex, EGYPT
    1,576
    7072


  8. #128
    Status
    Offline

    10%
    Nov 2009
    2
    0


  9. #129
    Status
    Offline

    10%
    Nov 2009
    2
    0


  10. #130
    Status
    Offline
      Mohamed Hashem
    80%
    Apr 2009
    ALex, EGYPT
    1,576
    7072